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Worcester Warriors

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Warriors
Full nameWorcester Warriors Rugby Football Club
UnionNorth Midlands RFU
Founded1871; 153 years ago (1871)
Disbanded9 February 2023; 21 months ago (9 February 2023)
LocationWorcester, Worcestershire, England
Ground(s)Sixways Stadium (Capacity: 12,067)
Most appearancesCraig Gillies (288)
Top scorerShane Drahm (726)
Most triesNick Baxter (88)[1]
2022–23Premiership Rugby, 13th (Relegated)
1st kit
2nd kit
Official website
warriors.co.uk

Worcester Warriors Rugby Football Club was a professional rugby union club founded in 1871 that played in the top division of the sport in England, Premiership Rugby.

In May 2023, it was announced that Atlas Group had completed the purchase of Worcester Warriors.[2] Even though the rugby club and its assets had been acquired, it was not known whether the team would play again in a championship.[3]

Overview

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Using the colours gold and blue, it was based in Worcester, England. In 1975, the team moved to their most recent home, Sixways Stadium, located to the north of the city.

Placed in the eighth tier of English rugby with the advent of the English rugby union league competition, the club were able to build a strong team due to extensive financial support from their backer and chairman Cecil Duckworth, being promoted repeatedly through the league system. Worcester were first promoted to the highest tier, the Premiership in 2004, and returned there on two occasions following relegation to the RFU Championship.

Worcester won one major trophy, the 2022 Premiership Cup, and won the second division three times in 2004, 2011 and 2015. They also won four titles in lower divisions while working their way through the English league structure.

In the 2021–22 Premiership Rugby season they finished 11th, entitling them to compete in the 2022–23 Premiership Rugby season, and in the 2022-23 European Rugby Challenge Cup. The most recent director of rugby was Steve Diamond who was appointed in January 2022.

The club entered administration on 26 September 2022 as a result of a tax dispute with the UK Government's tax authority, HM Revenue and Customs. The club was suspended from completing fixtures by the Rugby Football Union.[4] The contracts of all players and coaching staff were terminated on 5 October 2022 following the granting of a winding-up petition from HMRC in the High Court.[5]

After starting to manage the Warriors, James Sandford and Jim O'Toole announced that the team might not play games again after an earlier administration.[6][7] On 9 February 2023, it was announced that the club had been disbanded and that its administrators were trying without making Stourbridge RFC decide to play their games at Sixways Stadium in their place – something that was not successful.[6]

History

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Foundation

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The club was founded in 1871 by the Reverend Francis John Ede, with the first known game played against the Royal Artillery Rugby Club on 8 November 1871.[8] This game was played on Pitchcroft.[9] The club began playing at Bevere in Worcester in 1954 and left Bevere for Sixways in 1975 when the clubhouse was opened. When the league system was formed, the club was placed in North Midlands Division One, a level eight league.

Support

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Due to extensive support from their backer Cecil Duckworth, the club were able to build a strong team, with promotion after promotion following. In 2006, extremely ambitious plans were announced for a £23 million development programme, which would see a health club with fitness centre and swimming pool, fully tarmacked park and ride area, and expanded capacity to 11,499.

Promotion to the Premiership

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The badge used by Worcester Warriors until 2008

Worcester Warriors were promoted to the (then Zurich) Premiership after winning National Division One in 2003–04 with a perfect record of 26 wins from 26 games, something that had never before been achieved. They were the bookies', and many of the rugby pundits' odds-on-favourites to go straight back down but defied the odds to stay in the Premiership for another season, finishing ninth in the league, after wins against teams including Harlequins, Leeds, a historic victory against Premiership Champions London Wasps and Northampton in a 'winner takes all' end of season finale, which they won 21–19. This match was shown live with more twists and turns off the pitch as well as on it, with then Northampton player, Shane Drahm, who had signed for Worcester eventually starting, and successfully kicking almost everything, after press releases by Northampton stating that he would be a substitute. In the 2004–05 season, despite Premiership survival being their ultimate aim, they reached the final of the defunct European Shield at Oxford's Kassam Stadium, after beating Leeds Tykes in the semi-final. They eventually lost out to the French side Auch. They also managed to achieve a play-off match for the Heineken Cup against Saracens, but their long fight for Premiership survival and an injury-ravaged squad meant that they lost. Their achievements for that season meant that they had achieved much more than they had originally hoped for, as well as earning the respect of the other Premiership sides in the process.

In the 2005–06 season, they reached the quarter–finals of the European Challenge Cup after finishing top of their pool with five wins out of a possible six, above Connacht, Montpellier Hérault and Amatori Catania, and faced an away match against Northampton Saints on April Fool's Day, which they won, in what was described by sports writers as some of the best rugby they have played all season. They reached the semi – finals where they faced Gloucester Rugby in a local derby showdown, it being the third time they had played Gloucester that season, with the European match being played the week after the Premiership match at Kingsholm. Despite playing some thrilling rugby, and looking much more solid as a team than the previous week's Premiership performance, they were knocked out of the competition. The European Challenge Cup was then a much more important competition to Worcester as it offered them a route into the Heineken Cup. In the 2005–06 Guinness Premiership, they avoided relegation and were safe much earlier in the season, which meant that they avoided a repeat of last years relegation battle on the last day of the season. The season culminated in an eighth-place finish in the league on 47 points, one place higher than 2004–05, with the same number of wins (9) but more bonus points and a draw, missing 7th position due to Newcastle Falcons having a better points difference, secured on the last day of the season. This was a huge achievement considering that this is still only their second season in rugby's top flight.

In the 2006–07 season Worcester didn't get off to a very good start and for the majority of the season they were positioned in 12th place, but a good run of form which involved beating some of the top sides in the Premiership, helping them to avoid relegation and send the former Heineken Cup champions Northampton Saints down into National Division One.

Established in the Premiership

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For the 2007–08 season Worcester had brought in several big name players, the best known being the All Black Rico Gear. But they again didn't start off very well in the Premiership and did not record their first victory until after Christmas. While they were struggling in the premiership they were enjoying good success in the European Challenge Cup (ECC), progressing through the group stages. After Christmas their premiership form picked up and they beat top teams such as Leicester Tigers and Sale Sharks, which subsequently saw them move out of the relegation zone, Leeds Carnegie replacing them. They progressed even further in the ECC and beat off Montpellier Hérault RC in the quarter-final and saw off Newcastle Falcons in the semi-final which set up a final against Bath. Leeds Carnegie could not survive relegation and were relegated well before the end of the season. The final against Bath resulted in a 24–16 defeat in a one-sided game.[10]

In 2008 Worcester pulled off one of their largest signings ever by signing Australian international Chris Latham from the Queensland Reds, for the 2008–09 season on a three-year deal.[11] The season again didn't go the way it was planned but Worcester still progressed in the ECC and pulled off home and away victories over local rivals Gloucester and London Wasps in the league. However the season ended disappointingly (after Worcester suffered a succession of serious injuries), losing in the semi-final of the European Challenge Cup to Bourgoin.

Relegation from the Premiership

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After the disappointment of the 2008–09 Guinness Premiership season, the Warriors made a bright start to the 2009–10 Guinness Premiership season. Either side of a loss to Wasps, they had convincing wins over newly promoted Leeds Carnegie and over Sale Sharks, only their second home win over Sale since they joined the top flight in 2004–05, which was then followed by an unlucky loss at champions Leicester Tigers. A poor spell followed with 10 games without a win. During the winless spell, the club did become the first Premiership team to draw four games in a season and the first team to draw three successive league games. Following this bad spell, the Warriors secured a much needed 13–0 victory over Newcastle at Sixways, before another six consecutive losses. On 25 April, the Warriors were relegated from the Premiership after a 12–10 loss away to Leeds Carnegie, their first relegation in 22 years. They played the 2010–11 season in the Championship with Richard Hill as the new head coach, on a 2-year contract and Chris Pennell as the new captain.

Return to the Premiership

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The 2010–11 season saw Worcester win 30 out of 31 games in the Championship, losing the only game to the Cornish Pirates in the main season at Sixways. Worcester were top of the league and top of their stage 2 group. After winning the play-off against Bedford Blues at Sixways and both legs of the play-off final, Worcester secured promotion to the Premiership for the 2011–12 season.[12] Before the season began, there were local news reports that Worcester Warriors aimed to build a Hilton Hotel on the Sixways site, whilst also building a health and leisure facility and potentially expanding the North Stand.[13] Hill left the Warriors in April 2013 and was replaced by Dean Ryan.[14]

2013 onwards

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Ryan couldn't keep the Warriors in the league in his first season in charge and the club was once again relegated to England's second tier. However, after releasing a number of older players the club began a rebuilding phase led by Ryan who recruited young talents unable to get game-time at big clubs.[15] Warriors achieved promotion back to the Premiership at their first attempt, beating Bristol in the playoffs thanks to a last minute Chris Pennell try and Ryan Lamb conversion.[16] The club also managed to win the B&I Cup defeating Doncaster 35–5.[17] Warriors' first season back in the Aviva Premiership during the 2015/16 campaign was a successful one following the redevelopment of the Indoor Training Centre.[18] The club also made a number of high-profile signings in Francois Hougaard, Donncha O'Callaghan and Wynand Olivier and finished the season in tenth position after winning seven games.[19] In 2016–17 the club finished 11th after a strong finish to the season under new Director of Rugby Gary Gold. Warriors scored a club record of 56 tries in the league. Gold left Worcester in early 2018 and was replaced as director of rugby by Alan Solomons who guided Worcester to another 11th-place finish in 2017–18.

The 2021–22 season saw the club finish 11th in the Premiership and win the Premiership Cup for the first time.[20]

2022 onwards: financial difficulties, administration and suspension from Premiership

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In August 2022 the club was served with a winding-up petition for unpaid tax by HM Revenue and Customs.[21] They played their first game of the season, suffering heavy defeat to London Irish on 10 September 2022.

A statement was released on 13 September confirming that the club were awaiting final contract sign off by a new buyer. Despite the deadline of the following day; the deal was not signed and the RFU issued an ultimatum to the club on 15 September. They had until 12:00 BST on 16 September to confirm compliance for their round two match at Sixways or they would be suspended from the league.[22] Compliance was confirmed by midday and therefore their round 2 match took place on 18 September 2022.[23] The club received a similar ultimatum for their round 3 match on 24 September. They were able to prove compliance for the match by midday on 22 September and were then asked to prove long-term viability by 5pm on 26 September.[24] This deadline was missed and Worcester Warriors along with their women's team were suspended from all competitions.[25] It was later confirmed by the club that they were seeking administration.[26]

The club were expelled from Premiership Rugby for the season on 6 October and their results were expunged from the table. Subject to finding a buyer they will play in the RFU Championship in 2023–24.[27]

On 16 December 2022, the RFU rejected the club's plans for a return to the Championship in 2023–24 due to the prospective buyers selected by the administrators being unable to fulfill given conditions. Unless an alternative buyer is found the prospective buyers will not be able to operate the club as a professional club.[28]

In the autumn of 2024 the club submitted an application to join the second tier of English rugby.[29] Evaluations and interviews took place throughout November 2024 and if successful they will return for the 2025–26 season when the second is expanded from 12 to 14 teams.[30]

Rivalries

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Toward the end of their time, Worcester developed two main rivalries, with Gloucester and Rotherham.

The rivalry with Rotherham stemmed from the clubs meeting each other numerous times in The Championship between 1998 and 2003. After Worcester gained promotion to the Championship in 1998, the two clubs were constantly at the top end of the table together, battling for the solitary promotion place. In the four seasons they were both in the league, between 1998 and 2003, Rotherham finished second once and first three times, whilst Worcester finished third twice and second twice. Due to both teams consistently doing well in the league, and tensions between the two clubs being high off the pitch, the games often attracted bigger crowds and greater media interest than usual. The importance of the clashes and the rivalry that developed led to the two clubs being dubbed "The Celtic and Rangers" of their division.[31]

After two close league games in the 2001–02 season, which saw Worcester win at Sixways in September by two points, thanks to a Tim Walsh drop goal, and Rotherham win the game at Clifton Lane in January by 10 points, the rivalry peaked in the following season, 2002–03. Rotherham had won the 2001–02 Championship, losing just two games, with Worcester finishing second, having lost three games. However, Rotherham were denied promotion based on the fact that their stadium, Clifton Lane, was not at the required standard. To rectify that and meet Premiership stadium criteria in time for the 2002–03 season, Rotherham moved to Millmoor and shared the stadium with Rotherham United FC.

The first meeting between the two teams in the 2002–03 campaign was at Millmoor on 23 November. Despite being fairly early in the season, a big five-point win for Rotherham, in front of over 4,000 fans, including a sizeable away following from Worcester, was a huge step in Rotherham winning the league and gaining promotion. That encounter was again a very heated and physical battle. Worcester were well on top during the first half and went into the interval 13–6 ahead, thanks to a Chris Garrard try and some excellent game management from fly half Tim Walsh. However, the second half was a completely different affair, with Worcester's Chris Garrard sent off for a dangerous tackle on Jacob Raulini, and Steve Caine sin binned. Rotherham, spurred on by their biggest and most vociferous crowd of the season, scored 32 points, including four tries, and conceded none, to complete a demolition of Worcester.[32]

Despite the big win for Rotherham at Millmoor, Worcester only lost one game until the two teams met again at Sixways in April, winning 12 league games and losing only away to Orrell. That ensured they kept in contact with Rotherham at the top of the table. The game at Sixways was the third-last game of the season and, with the sides neck and neck in the league, the winner would almost certainly gain a place in the Premiership. Worcester had gone 20 games and 18 months since their last home loss, which was to Rotherham in September 2001.[33] The game was the first Championship match to be broadcast live on Sky Sports and it also saw the record attendance for a Championship game, with temporary stands constructed to ensure that 5,700 fans could watch. Rotherham brought a 1,000-strong contingent, almost all of whom were seated in the North Stand at Sixways, in what was virtual segregation. The first half of the game was extremely tense, with Rotherham leading 9–3 at the break. However, the second half saw Rotherham score two tries in 10 minutes which put the game out of Worcester's reach. Rotherham went on to win the game 21–9, which sparked wild celebrations and a pitch invasion from the Rotherham fans.[31]

Rotherham were often considered as Worcester's rivals by fans who watched Worcester before 2004. However, because Worcester's average attendances more than doubled after that, a large percentage of the Worcester fan base, many of them newer supporters, saw Gloucester as Worcester's main rival. That was predominantly because of playing them regularly since gaining promotion to the Premiership in 2004, the geographical closeness of the two cities, and various media sources citing the game as a derby.[34]

Season summaries

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Premiership Domestic Cup European Cup
Season Competition Final Position Points Play-Offs Competition Performance Competition Performance
1987–88 Midlands 2 West 8th 8 N/A John Player Cup Did not play No competition N/A
1988–89 Midlands 2 West 11th (R) 3 N/A Pilkington Cup Did not play
1989–90 North Midlands 1 1st (P) 16 N/A Pilkington Cup Did not play
1990–91 Midlands 2 West 5th 10 N/A Pilkington Cup Did not play
1991–92 Midlands 2 West 3rd 14 N/A Pilkington Cup Did not play
1992–93 Midlands 2[a] 2nd (P) 18 N/A Pilkington Cup 2nd round
1993–94 Midlands 1 2nd 16 N/A Pilkington Cup Did not play
1994–95 Midlands 1 1st (P) 23 N/A Pilkington Cup Did not play
1995–96 Courage Division 5 North 2nd (P) 18 N/A Pilkington Cup 4th round No English teams N/A
1996–97 Courage Division 4 North 1st (P) 49 N/A Pilkington Cup 2nd round Not qualified N/A
1997–98 National League 1 1st (P) 48 N/A Tetley's Bitter Cup 5th round
1998–99 Allied Dunbar Premiership 2 3rd 34 N/A Tetley's Bitter Cup 4th round No English teams N/A
C&G Cup 1st round
1999–00 Allied Dunbar Premiership 2 3rd 38 N/A Tetley's Bitter Cup 4th round Not qualified N/A
2000–01 National Division 1 2nd 112 N/A Tetley's Bitter Cup 5th round
2001–02 National Division 1 2nd 106 N/A Powergen Cup 5th round
2002–03 National Division 1 2nd 114 N/A Powergen Cup 6th round
Powergen Shield Semi-final
2003–04 National Division 1 1st (P) 125 N/A Powergen Cup 5th round
2004–05 Zurich Premiership 9th 42 – Powergen Cup 6th round European Shield Runners-up
2005–06 Guinness Premiership 8th 47 – Powergen Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup Semi-final
2006–07 Guinness Premiership 11th 34 – EDF Energy Cup 2nd in pool Challenge Cup 2nd in pool
2007–08 Guinness Premiership 10th 36 – EDF Energy Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup Runners-up
2008–09 Guinness Premiership 11th 34 – EDF Energy Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup Semi-final
2009–10 Guinness Premiership 12th (R) 28 – LV= Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup 3rd in pool
2010–11 RFU Championship 1st (P) 101 Champ­ions British and Irish Cup Semi-final Not qualified N/A
2011–12 Aviva Premiership 10th 36 – LV= Cup 3rd in pool Challenge Cup 2nd in pool
2012–13 Aviva Premiership 11th 33 – LV= Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup 2nd in pool
2013–14 Aviva Premiership 12th (R) 16 – LV= Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup 4th in pool
2014–15 RFU Championship 2nd (P) 97 Champ­ions British and Irish Cup Champions Not qualified N/A
2015–16 Aviva Premiership 10th 35 – No competition N/A Challenge Cup 4th in pool
2016–17 Aviva Premiership 11th 33 – Anglo-Welsh Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup 3rd in pool
2017–18 Aviva Premiership 11th 36 – Anglo-Welsh Cup 2nd in pool Challenge Cup 3rd in pool
2018–19 Gallagher Premiership 10th 46 – Premiership Cup Semi-final Challenge Cup Quarter-final
2019–20 Gallagher Premiership 9th 42 – Premiership Cup 4th in pool Challenge Cup 3rd in pool
2020–21 Gallagher Premiership 12th[b] 27 – No Competition – Challenge Cup 11th in pool
2021–22 Gallagher Premiership 11th 35 – Premiership Cup Champions Challenge Cup Round of 16

Gold background denotes champions
Silver background denotes runners-up
Pink background denotes relegated

* After dropping into the competition from the Challenge Cup

Club honours

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Worcester Warriors

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Worcester Cavaliers

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Notable players

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Lions tourists

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The following Worcester Warriors players have been selected for the Lions tours while at the club:

Rugby World Cup

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The following are players who have represented their countries at the World Cup, whilst playing for Worcester:

Tournament Number of players Players selected
1999 1 Sililo Martens Tonga
2003 2 Ben Hinshelwood Scotland, Sateki Tuipulotu Tonga
2007 4 Chris Horsman Wales, Aisea Havili, Aleki Lutui Tonga, Loki Crichton Samoa
2011 2 Aleki Lutui Tonga, Ravai Fatiaki Fiji
2015 1 Tevita Cavubati Fiji
2019 2 Ed Fidow Samoa, Joe Taufete'e United States

Sponsors

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The club's kit is made by sports manufacturer O'Neills, who they signed with in 2020 to produce home and away strips for Premiership Rugby.[35] Their main shirt sponsor is Adam Hewitt Ltd.[36] In 2019, the club signed a multi-year deal with Aramis Rugby to supply digital scrum machines.[37]

Charitable causes

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Acorns Children's Hospice has been the official charity partner of Warriors since the facility opened in March 2005. The club have raised in excess of £200,000 to assist the charity since its inception and this season hooker Niall Annett is the charity's Player Ambassador.

Cecil Duckworth is a trustee of the Wooden Spoon, the charity of British rugby, supporting disadvantaged children. In January 2007, Worcester opened a "Playing for Success" centre, supported by Spoon.

Notes

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  1. ^ Restructuring ahead of the 1992–93 season saw Midlands 2 East and Midlands 2 West combined into a single division called Midlands 2.
  2. ^ Despite finishing bottom of the table Warriors were reprieved of relegation due to a moratorium.

References

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  1. ^ "Worcester Statistics (to 2007)" (PDF). RFU.com. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
  2. ^ "STATEMENT: Takeover of Worcester Warriors complete". Ruck. 3 May 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  3. ^ "Worcester Warriors Sale Saga Concludes". Sport Industry Group. 9 May 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Administrators begin task of finding a buyer for Worcester Warriors". The Independent. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  5. ^ "Worcester player and staff contracts terminated after high court ruling | Worcester | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Worcester Warriors owners withdraw proposal to play in Championship in 2023–24". BBC Sport. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  7. ^ "Worcester Warriors are no more as Atlas reveal new plans". Worcester News. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Worcester Warriors History". Talk Rugby Union. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  9. ^ Not Just a Racecourse Judd Doughty Worcestershire Life June 2010 p42
  10. ^ "Warriors suffer European cup final misery". Warriors.co.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
  11. ^ "Warriors sign superstar Latham". Warriors.co.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
  12. ^ "Worcester Warriors 25–20 Cornish Pirates (agg 46–32)". BBC Sport. BBC News. 18 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
  13. ^ Guest, Tom (19 August 2011). "Plans could see Hilton hotel built in city". Worcester News. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  14. ^ "Worcester Warriors: Dean Ryan named director of rugby". BBC Sport. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
  15. ^ "Ryan aware of pitfalls". The Independent.
  16. ^ "Warriors 59–58 Bristol". BBC Sport. BBC Sport. 26 May 2015.
  17. ^ "Warriors win B&I Cup". BBC Sport. BBC Sport. 3 April 2015.
  18. ^ "Sixways set for revamp". Worcester News. 10 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Table 2015/16". Aviva Premierhsip.
  20. ^ "Premiership Rugby Cup Final: Worcester win after dramatic extra time deadlock to claim first major trophy". Sky Sports. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  21. ^ "Worcester Warriors hit with winding up petition by HMRC". Worcester News. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  22. ^ "Worcester Warriors | Club statement". warriors.co.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  23. ^ "Worcester Warriors | Games on! RFU give all-clear for Sixways double bill". warriors.co.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  24. ^ "Worcester Warriors | RFU statement". warriors.co.uk. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  25. ^ "Worcester suspended from competition after owners miss RFU deadline | Rugby union | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  26. ^ "Club Statement on Administration". Worcester Warriors. 26 September 2022.
  27. ^ Skippers, David (6 October 2022). "Premiership: Worcester suspended for rest of the season and relegated". PlanetRugby. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  28. ^ "Worcester rescue bid rejected by RFU but Wasps takeover approved | Worcester | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  29. ^ "Worcester confirm bid to return to professional rugby". BBC Sport. 11 October 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  30. ^ "Next Steps for Worcester Warriors following formal application". Worcester News. Newsquest. 18 November 2024. Archived from the original on 19 November 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  31. ^ a b "Rotherham take it all". The Guardian. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  32. ^ "Rotherham Titans 38 – 13 Worcester Warriors". Worcester Warriors. 23 November 2002.
  33. ^ "Results & Fixtures: Comprehensive 2002–03". Worcester Warriors.
  34. ^ "Worcester Warriors call up Blair Cowan for tonight's big Gloucester derby". Worcester News. 22 February 2013.
  35. ^ "Worcester Warriors | Warriors sign major new kit deal with O'Neills". warriors.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  36. ^ "Worcester Warriors | Adam Hewitt Ltd unveiled as Warriors' Main Partner". warriors.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  37. ^ "Warriors appoint Aramis as scrum machine supplier" (Press release). Worcester Warriors. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
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